Identification method of textile fabrics

Identification method of fabric raw materials

• Hand visual inspection method, chemical dissolution method, microscope observation method, drug coloring method, combustion method, etc.

The difference between the warp and weft of the fabric

• If the identified fabric has a selvage, the yarn direction parallel to the selvage is the warp direction, and the other is the weft direction.
• The sizing is the direction of the warp, and the unsizing is the direction of the weft.
• Generally, the fabric with higher density is the warp direction, and the lower fabric density is the weft direction.
• For fabrics with obvious reed marks, the direction of the reed marks is the warp direction.
• For half-thread fabrics, usually the direction of the strands is the warp direction, and the direction of the single yarn is the weft direction.
• If the yarn twisting axes of the single-yarn fabric are different, the Z twist direction is the warp direction, and the S twist direction is the weft direction.
• If the warp and weft yarns, twist direction and twist of the fabric are not very different, the warp direction is the one with uniform yarn evenness and better luster.
• If the yarn twist of the fabric is different, most of the twist is the warp direction, and the small twist is the weft direction.
• For towel-like fabrics, the yarn direction of the loops is the warp direction, and the yarn direction without loops is the weft direction.
• For sliver fabrics, the sliver direction is usually the mid-warp direction.
• If the fabric has a system of yarns with many different properties, this direction is the warp direction.
• For leno fabrics, the direction of the twisted yarn is the warp direction, and the direction of the untwisted yarn is the weft direction.
• In the interweaving of different raw materials, generally cotton wool or cotton and linen interwoven fabrics, cotton is the warp; in the wool-silk interwoven, silk is the warp; in the wool-silk-cotton interwoven, silk and cotton are the warp; natural silk and spun silk are interwoven. In the medium, the natural thread is the warp; in the interweaving of natural silk and chemical fiber, the natural silk is the warp. Due to the wide range of uses and varieties of fabrics, the requirements for fabric raw materials and organizational structure are also varied, so when judging, it should be determined according to the specific conditions of the fabric.

The difference between the front and back of the fabric 

• Generally, the pattern and color on the front of the fabric are clearer and more beautiful than the reverse.
• Fabrics with a striped appearance and coloured patterned fabrics must have a clear and pleasing front pattern.
• Ribbed and embossed fabrics, the front is tight and fine, with stripes or patterned embossments; the reverse is rougher, with longer floating lines.
• Raised fabrics: fabrics that are raised on one side, and the raised side is the front. For double-sided raised fabrics, the smooth and neat side of the fleece is used as the front of the fabric.
• Observe the selvedge of the fabric. The clean and neat side of the selvage is the front of the fabric.
• For double-layer and multi-layer fabrics, if the warp and weft densities of the front and back sides are different, generally the front side has a higher density or the front side material is better.
• Leno fabric: The side with clear lines and prominent warp is the front side.
• Terry: The denser side of the terry is the front.
• Printed fabric: The pattern is clear and the side with brighter color is the front.
• Whole piece of fabric: Except for export products, those with instructions (trademarks) pasted and factory inspection stamps are generally on the reverse side. Most fabrics have obvious differences between the front and back, but there are also many fabrics whose front and back are very similar, and can be used on both sides, so it is not necessary to distinguish the front and back of this type of fabric.